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ISC CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) exam is one of the most prestigious and sought-after certifications in the field of information security. It is designed for professionals who want to demonstrate their expertise in designing, implementing, and managing secure information systems. CISSP Exam covers a wide range of topics, including access control, cryptography, network security, and software development security.

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What are PCSA credentials?

The Professional level normally requires earning six exams to achieve, while associate requires six exams to achieve. The Associate exam is an objective test that candidates can take online or on skype, while professional exam candidates only have access to one option. The PCSA consists of a single certification covering information security management principles and concepts. It provides a foundation for the core skills required of entry-level information security professionals and the fundamental knowledge for career growth into more advanced positions, or to prepare for certifications at a higher level. Passing this exam does not qualify a candidate for any CISSP Certification nor does it make an individual eligible for any other ISC credential.

ISC CISSP (Certified Information Systems Security Professional) Certification Exam is a globally recognized certification program designed for professionals seeking to specialize in information security. Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) certification exam is administered by the International Information System Security Certification Consortium (ISC)², a non-profit organization dedicated to advancing the cybersecurity industry through education and certification.

ISC Certified Information Systems Security Professional (CISSP) Sample Questions (Q1034-Q1039):

NEW QUESTION # 1034
Why MUST a Kerberos server be well protected from unauthorized access?

A. It contains the Internet Protocol (IP) address of all network entities.
B. It contains all the tickets for services.
C. It always operates at root privilege.
D. It contains the keys of all clients.

Answer: D

NEW QUESTION # 1035
Which of the following factors contributes to the weakness of Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) protocol?

A. WEP uses Message Digest 5 (MD5)
B. WEP uses a small range Initialization Vector (IV)
C. WEP uses Diffie-Hellman
D. WEP does not use any Initialization Vector (IV)

Answer: B

Explanation:
Explanation/Reference:
Reference: http://www.dummies.com/programming/networking/understanding-wep-weaknesses/

NEW QUESTION # 1036
Which of the following outsourcing agreement provisions has the HIGHEST priority from a security operations perspective?

A. Terms for contract renegotiation in case of disaster
B. Root cause analysis for application performance issue
C. Escalation process for problem resolution during incidents
D. Conditions to prevent the use of subcontractors

Answer: B

NEW QUESTION # 1037
Which of the following processes has the PRIMARY purpose of identifying outdated software versions, missing patches, and lapsed system updates?

A. Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC)
B. Life cycle management
C. Penetration testing
D. Vulnerability management

Answer: D

Explanation:
Vulnerability management is the process that has the primary purpose of identifying outdated software versions, missing patches, and lapsed system updates. Vulnerability management is a systematic and proactive approach to identifying, assessing, and mitigating the vulnerabilities that may affect the organization's information systems and assets. A vulnerability is a weakness or a flaw in a system or an application that can be exploited by an attacker to compromise the security or the functionality of the system or the application.
Vulnerability management can help prevent or reduce the impact of the attacks that may exploit the vulnerabilities, and improve the security and the quality of the information systems and assets. Vulnerability management has the primary purpose of identifying outdated software versions, missing patches, and lapsed system updates, as these are some of the common sources and causes of vulnerabilities. Outdated software versions, missing patches, and lapsed system updates can expose the system or the application to known or unknown vulnerabilities, such as bugs, errors, or security flaws, that can be exploited by the attackers.
Vulnerability management can help identify these issues and resolve them by applying the latest software versions, patches, and updates, and by ensuring that the system or the application is up to date and secure.
References: CISSP All-in-One Exam Guide, Eighth Edition, Chapter 7: Security Operations, page 366.

NEW QUESTION # 1038
Which of the following is NOT a known type of Message Authentication Code (MAC)?

A. Signature-based MAC (SMAC)
B. Universal Hashing Based MAC (UMAC)
C. Keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC)
D. DES-CBC

Answer: A

Explanation:
There is no such thing as a Signature-Based MAC. Being the wrong choice in the list, it is the best answer to this question.
WHAT IS A Message Authentication Code (MAC)? In Cryptography, a MAC (Message Authentication Code) also known as a cryptographic checksum, is a small block of data that is generated using a secret key and then appended to the
message. When the message is received, the recipient can generate their own MAC using the
secret key, and thereby know that the message has not changed either accidentally or
intentionally in transit. Of course, this assurance is only as strong as the trust that the two parties
have that no one else has access to the secret key.
A MAC is a small representation of a message and has the following characteristics:
A MAC is much smaller than the message generating it.
Given a MAC, it is impractical to compute the message that generated it.
Given a MAC and the message that generated it, it is impractical to find another message
generating the same MAC.
See the graphic below from Wikipedia showing the creation of a MAC value:

Message Authentication Code MAC HMAC
In the example above, the sender of a message runs it through a MAC algorithm to produce a MAC data tag. The message and the MAC tag are then sent to the receiver. The receiver in turn runs the message portion of the transmission through the same MAC algorithm using the same key, producing a second MAC data tag. The receiver then compares the first MAC tag received in the transmission to the second generated MAC tag. If they are identical, the receiver can safely assume that the integrity of the message was not compromised, and the message was not altered or tampered with during transmission.
However, to allow the receiver to be able to detect replay attacks, the message itself must contain data that assures that this same message can only be sent once (e.g. time stamp, sequence
number or use of a one-time MAC). Otherwise an attacker could - without even understanding its
content - record this message and play it back at a later time, producing the same result as the
original sender.
NOTE: There are many ways of producing a MAC value. Below you have a short list of some
implementation.
The following were incorrect answers for this question:
They were all incorrect answers because they are all real type of MAC implementation.
In the case of DES-CBC, a MAC is generated using the DES algorithm in CBC mode, and the
secret DES key is shared by the sender and the receiver. The MAC is actually just the last block of
ciphertext generated by the algorithm. This block of data (64 bits) is attached to the unencrypted
message and transmitted to the far end. All previous blocks of encrypted data are discarded to
prevent any attack on the MAC itself. The receiver can just generate his own MAC using the
secret DES key he shares to ensure message integrity and authentication. He knows that the
message has not changed because the chaining function of CBC would significantly alter the last
block of data if any bit had changed anywhere in the message. He knows the source of the
message (authentication) because only one other person holds the secret key.
A Keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC) is a specific construction for calculating a
message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function in combination with a
secret cryptographic key. As with any MAC, it may be used to simultaneously verify both the data
integrity and the authentication of a message. Any cryptographic hash function, such as MD5,
SHA-1, may be used in the calculation of an HMAC; the resulting MAC algorithm is termed HMAC-
MD5 or HMAC-SHA1 accordingly. The cryptographic strength of the HMAC depends upon the
cryptographic strength of the underlying hash function, the size of its hash output, and on the size
and quality of the key.
A message authentication code based on universal hashing, or UMAC, is a type of message
authentication code (MAC) calculated choosing a hash function from a class of hash functions
according to some secret (random) process and applying it to the message. The resulting digest or
fingerprint is then encrypted to hide the identity of the hash function used. As with any MAC, it may
be used to simultaneously verify both the data integrity and the authenticity of a message. UMAC
is specified in RFC 4418, it has provable cryptographic strength and is usually a lot less
computationally intensive than other MACs.
What is the MicMac (confusion) with MIC and MAC?
The term message integrity code (MIC) is frequently substituted for the term MAC, especially in
communications, where the acronym MAC traditionally stands for Media Access Control when
referring to Networking. However, some authors use MIC as a distinctly different term from a MAC;
in their usage of the term the MIC operation does not use secret keys. This lack of security means that any MIC intended for use gauging message integrity should be encrypted or otherwise be protected against tampering. MIC algorithms are created such that a given message will always produce the same MIC assuming the same algorithm is used to generate both. Conversely, MAC algorithms are designed to produce matching MACs only if the same message, secret key and initialization vector are input to the same algorithm. MICs do not use secret keys and, when taken on their own, are therefore a much less reliable gauge of message integrity than MACs. Because MACs use secret keys, they do not necessarily need to be encrypted to provide the same level of assurance.
Reference(s) used for this question: Hernandez CISSP, Steven (2012-12-21). Official (ISC)2 Guide to the CISSP CBK, Third Edition ((ISC)2 Press) (Kindle Locations 15799-15815). Auerbach Publications. Kindle Edition. and http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_authentication_code and http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4418

NEW QUESTION # 1039
......

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